+7 (727) 225 40 40 info@polisre.kz
Calculators
Polis RePolis Re

Insurance glossary

Choose a letter — all terms and definitions will appear below.

All A B C D E F G I L M N O P Q R S T U V

R

Terms: 10

Reduced sum insured (paid-up sum insured)

The sum insured under a life insurance contract, reduced because the policyholder has stopped paying further insurance premiums ahead of schedule. With a reduced sum insured, the contract remains in force until the end of the insurance term without further payment of premiums.

Reinsurance

The activity, and the relations connected with it, arising from the transfer by the cedent of all or part of insurance risks into reinsurance, on the one hand, and the acceptance of those risks by a reinsurance organization, on the other, under a reinsurance contract concluded between them.

Reinsurance contract

A contract under which one person (the reinsurer) undertakes, for a fixed fee (the reinsurance premium), to assume a specified share of the risk of another person (the cedent). A term of a reinsurance contract providing for the reinsurer's obligation to make a reinsurance payment in a percentage, fixed by the contract, of the insurance payment under the direct insurance contract concluded by the cedent;

Reserve fund

A sum of money built up by the insurer, in accordance with the requirements of a regulatory legal act of the authorized body, out of part of the insurance premiums received from policyholders for investment purposes, together with the income (losses) from their investment, taking into account the insurer's expenses incurred in managing them.

Retention (own retention)

The part of the volume of liability within which the insurer or the cedent bears liability for its own account in accordance with the insurance or reinsurance contract.

Retrocession

The transfer by a reinsurer of part of a risk it has already accepted to other reinsurers.

Risk (insurance concept)

Chance events or hazards that are possible rather than inevitable and may cause losses; measured by the frequency and probability of a given level of loss occurring. RISK OF ACCIDENTAL LOSS (of property) is the risk of possibly incurring losses due to the destruction or deterioration of property for reasons beyond the control of the parties to the obligation (chance, force majeure).

Risk (psychological concept)

Risk [from the Greek risikon, meaning cliff] refers to features of goal-directed activity that “set” an evident uncertainty of its outcome and at times give rise to negative and even harmful consequences for the individual. According to specialists in the study of risk and risk-taking behavior, within classical social psychology and personality psychology the term “risk” is rightly used in three main senses: “1) risk as a measure of the expected adverse outcome in the event of failure in an activity, determined by the combination of the probability of failure and the degree of unfavorable consequences in that case; 2) risk as an action that in one respect or another threatens the individual with loss (losing, injury, damage). Experimentally, a distinction is made between motivated risk, calculated for situational advantages in the activity, and unmotivated risk. In addition, based on the ratio of the expected gain to the expected loss in carrying out the action in question, a distinction is made between justified and unjustified risk; 3) risk as a situation of choice between two possible courses of action: a less attractive but more reliable one, and a more attractive but less reliable one (whose outcome is uncertain and associated with possible unfavorable consequences). Traditionally, two classes of situations are identified here, in which: a) success and failure are assessed on a certain scale of achievement (situations of the “level of aspiration” type), b) failure entails punishment (physical threat, painful stimuli, social sanctions)” (V. A. Petrovsky). It should be noted that the phenomenon of risk manifests itself quite differently in situations where the individual relies, as the saying goes, on luck and the decision to act riskily is not based on an awareness of being able to cope with the problem, and in situations where the willingness to take risks is directly linked to the individual's belief that he can succeed thanks to his abilities and skills. It has been shown that in the second case the willingness to take risks and the individual's confidence that such risk is justified are considerably higher than in the first. In practical psychology, the concept of “risk” is, as a rule, regarded as a term that largely explains the carrying out of activity involving a decision capable of leading to unfavorable, dangerous consequences, and the rejection of a decision whose implementation is known in advance to be safe. One more point cannot be left unmentioned in connection with the problem of risk. In psychology, particularly in recent decades, the concept of the “risky shift” has become firmly established; in terms of meaning it denotes a certain effect achieved as a result of group discussion of a proposed, planned activity. The “risky shift” is essentially an increase (although some researchers believe that cases of reduced risk-taking activity should also be described within the same logic) in the riskiness of real individual and group actions as a result of group discussions. This usually concerns changes in the level of riskiness of secondary individual decisions compared with initial individual decisions, changes in the level of riskiness of secondary group decisions compared with the primary group decision, changes in the level of riskiness of secondary individual decisions compared with the primary group decision, and changes in the level of riskiness of the secondary group decision compared with the primary individual decisions.

Robbery

Open theft of another person's property

Robbery

An attack carried out for the purpose of stealing another person's property, accompanied by violence dangerous to the life or health of the victim, or by the threat of immediate use of such violence.

More on this topic

Polis Re